Determination of the Halogen Elements in Aqueous, Organic, and Solid Samples Using ICP-OES
October 1st 2006Accurate determination of trace Cl, Br, and I is important in industries such as petrochemical refining, chemical manufacturing, biomedical and nutritional supplement manufacturing, and environmental analysis. Until recently, it was thought that the halogen elements could not be determined effectively by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES); however, with recent advances in spectrometer and detector design, these elements are now readily determined. In fact, ICP-OES offers many advantages for the measurement of Cl, Br, and I. These include ease-of-use and the ability to test for other elements simultaneously, along with good sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. This article describes the measurement of chlorine in tissue and oil samples as well as the measurement of bromine in plastics and electronic materials where the solids were sampled using laser ablation.
Multiline Analysis: A Key Technique to Enhance Analytical Reliability in ICP-AES
October 1st 2006Interactive dedicated tools have been developed to facilitate the use of multiline analysis in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) with emphases on multiline selection and on statistics for rejection of possible outliers. The aim is to take full benefit of the available information when using a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector–based instrument and to enhance the accuracy of the results. Determination of Cu in steel will be used to illustrate the potential of the tools.
Elemental Analysis of Edible Oils and Fats by ICP-OES
October 1st 2006The analysis of edible oils and fats by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) utilizing direct injection after dilution with kerosene is described. Sample preparation was performed according to EN ISO 661 (1) and ISO 10540-3 (2). The accuracy was investigated using the AOCS reference sample, "Trace Metals in Soybean Oil" (3) and by spike recovery measurements using commercial sunflower oil. The analysis requirements for sensitivity, precision, and accuracy were met. This article includes line selection, detection limits, and accuracy studies.
Exploring the Next Generation of Mass Spectrometer for Metal Analysis: Time-of-Flight
October 1st 2006Although inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has rapidly attained acceptance as the choice in trace metal analysis, most commercially available instruments are equipped with quadrupole-based mass analyzers. Quadrupole mass spectrometers have been available commercially for ICP since the early 1980s. Modifications and advances in these types of instruments predominantly have been in the sample introduction and ion optic areas, leaving the quadrupole mass spectrometer untouched.