Advances in Energy Research

Spectroscopy is being used in numerous application areas to build a more sustainable future. From lithium-ion batteries to petroleum analysis, spectroscopy is actively contributing to the energy industry.

In this article, we provide a compilation of some of the latest studies that showcase the utility of spectroscopy in the energy sector. Happy reading!

Electricity power in nature. Clean energy concept. Solar panel with turbine and tower hight voltage | Image Credit: © lovelyday12 - stock.adobe.com

Decoding Desert Degradation: New Study Reveals Structural Weakening in Solar Panels Exposed to Harsh Climates

A recent study published in Materials Chemistry and Physics used X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to examine how decades of desert exposure degrade solar panels in Algeria’s Adrar region (1). Based on the findings from the study, the researchers concluded that silicon lattice expansion, decreased silicon content, and increased secondary phases like silicon dioxide and methane hydrate-clathrate indicated atomic-level damage from heat, sand, and radiation (1). These microstructural changes help explain long-term efficiency losses in photovoltaic panels. The authors recommend design improvements, including nano-coated glass, thermally robust materials, and self-cleaning coatings to enhance solar panel durability in extreme climates (1).

Real-Time Natural Gas Monitoring Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Currently in the energy industry, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is being used to accurately quantify methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor in high-pressure gas systems, enhancing process control. This article explores this trend, highlighting how this method allows real-time monitoring without physical sampling, optimizing energy efficiency and reducing system failure risks (2). NIR systems offer sustainable alternatives to traditional methods, minimizing energy use and emissions in gas processing. Future work should expand the model's robustness and integrate it into field-scale pilot programs for broader applicability (2).

Using NIR Spectroscopy in Low-Level Petroleum Hydrocarbon Detection

A recent study published in Science of the Total Environment by researchers from multiple Chinese institutions developed a new workflow to enhance near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for detecting low levels of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil (3). Using spectral subtraction and diagnostic spectrum construction, the method identified two key spectral markers: downward concave features (1700–1780 nm, 2290–2370 nm) and asymmetric W-shaped absorption valleys (~2310 and 2348 nm) (3). This approach greatly improves sensitivity, enabling earlier detection of pollution. The researchers suggest integrating this technique with remote sensing to advance soil contamination monitoring and environmental protection efforts (3).

Leveraging Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Temperature Prediction

A recent study published in the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer introduced a new method for monitoring the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) (4). By focusing on the imaginary part of the impedance spectrum, which remains stable regardless of state of charge or health, the method enables accurate, real-time temperature estimation without physical sensors or complex models (4). Tested on LiCoO₂ batteries, it demonstrated consistent performance across varying conditions. This scalable, noninvasive approach enhances battery safety, lifespan, and efficiency, which is critical for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems (4).

Data-Driven Raman Spectroscopy in Oil and Gas: Rapid Online Analysis of Complex Gas Mixtures

A new data-driven Raman spectroscopy (DDRS) method has been developed for real-time gas analysis in mud logging, offering a faster and more efficient alternative to gas chromatography (GC) (5). Using a compact, high-sensitivity Raman system combined with higher-density wavelet transform (HDWT) and a template-oriented frog algorithm (TOFA), DDRS can accurately quantify 12 hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases despite complex spectral overlaps and matrix interferences (5). Laboratory and field tests at two drilling sites showed DDRS results closely matched GC data while providing faster, continuous measurements (5). This advancement enables high-throughput, quantitative, onsite gas analysis for oil and gas exploration and other industrial applications.

References

1. Wetzel, W. Decoding Desert Degradation: New Study Reveals Structural Weakening in Solar Panels Exposed to Harsh Climates. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/decoding-desert-degradation-new-study-reveals-structural-weakening-in-solar-panels-exposed (accessed 2025-10-28).
2. Wetzel, W. Real-Time Natural Gas Monitoring Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/real-time-natural-gas-monitoring-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy (accessed 2025-10-28).
3. Wetzel, W. Using NIR Spectroscopy in Low-Level Petroleum Hydrocarbon Detection. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/using-nir-spectroscopy-in-low-level-petroleum-hydrocarbon-detection (accessed 2025-10-28).
4. Wetzel, W. Leveraging Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Temperature Prediction. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/leveraging-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-for-lithium-ion-battery-temperature-prediction (accessed 2025-10-28).
5. Rathmell, C.; Chen, D. Data-Driven Raman Spectroscopy in Oil and Gas: Rapid Online Analysis of Complex Gas Mixtures. Spectrosc. Suppl. 2018, 33 (s6), 34–42. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/data-driven-raman-spectroscopy-oil-and-gas-rapid-online-analysis-complex-gas-mixtures