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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) with Cold Electron Ionization (EI): Bridging the Gap Between GC–MS and LC–MSGas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with cold electron ionization (EI) is based on interfacing the GC and MS instruments with supersonic molecular beams (SMB) along with electron ionization of vibrationally cold sample compounds in SMB in a fly-through ion source (hence the name cold EI). GC–MS with cold EI improves all the central performance aspects of GC–MS. These aspects include enhanced molecular ions, improved sample identification, an extended range of compounds amenable for analysis, uniform response to all analytes, faster analysis, greater selectivity, and lower detection limits. In GC–MS with cold EI, the GC elution temperatures can be significantly lowered by reducing the column length and increasing the carrier gas flow rate. Furthermore, the injector temperature can be reduced using a high column flow rate, and sample degradation at the cold EI fly-through ion source is eliminated. Thus, a greater range of thermally labile and low volatility compounds can be analyzed. The extension of the range of compounds and applications amenable for analysis is the most important benefit of cold EI that bridges the gap with LC–MS. Several examples of GC–MS with cold EI applications are discussed including cannabinoids analysis, synthetic organic compounds analysis, and lipids in blood analysis for medical diagnostics.
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Tracking Photocuring via ATR-FT-IR with Illumination through the ATR ElementThe utility of the GladiATR diamond ATR, modified with an internal liquid light guide to illuminate the sample from underneath the ATR element, was explored to analyze the photo-polymerization of carbitol acrylate at 405 nm using 1 wt% TPO.
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Simultaneous Determination of 50 Elements in Geochemical Samples by Low-Pressure Closed Digestion-ICP-MSThe article describes a method for geochemical sample analysis using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crucibles and ICP-MS, achieving detection limits below 0.2 μg/g and relative standard deviations ranging from 1.1% to 16.4%. The approach minimizes acid usage, prevents dust contamination, accurately determines volatile elements, and is deemed suitable for high-throughput laboratories with numerous samples and diverse elements to be tested.
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LIBS Imaging Is Entering the Clinic as a New Diagnostic ToolGreat interest has recently aroused in the study of the dysregulation of chemical elements within tissues. Information about the distribution of elements in biological tissues can contribute to a more complete medical diagnosis, and can guide therapeutic procedures for many pathologies.
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Optimized Explosives Analysis Using Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Battlefield ForensicsWhen explosives are encountered on the battlefield, the use of portable GC–MS is valuable for the detection and confirmatory identification of pre- and post-detonation threats. In addition, this technique provides information about the source of explosives based on the detection and identification of trace-level chemicals in the sample. The data presented here confirm this capability.
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Single-Cell Analysis by ICP-MS—Current Status and Future TrendsSingle-cell analysis is important in biology and medicine, because it takes into account cell heterogeneity and cellular dynamics, which are governed by cellular crosstalk and the vicinity of cells. Thus, it is of utmost importance to obtain not only information about the heterogeneity of a cell population, but also about their spatial arrangement.
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A Facile Synthesis of Tannic Acid–Protected Copper Nanoclusters and the Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Nitrite Ion Under Mild ConditionsNitrite poses health risks. This study evaluates the results of using tannic acid- protected fluorescence copper nanoclusters (TA-CuNCs) to detect nitrite in food.
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Determining Nitrophenol Isomers Using Raman SpectroscopyIn this study, the nitrophenol isomers, in solid and liquid phases, were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, laying the groundwork for determining nitrophenol isomers in environmental monitoring with this technique.
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Common Problems with FT-IR Instruments and How to Avoid ThemThose inexperienced in using FT-IR spectrometers can encounter problems when measuring spectra. This article discusses several main issues that most users experience while using FT-IR spectrometers and how to remedy each problem.
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MidIR Testing Reveals Supply Chain MismanagementThis article shows the benefits and ease with which mid-infrared testing can reveal supply change mismanagement events and help to quickly identify and correct mishaps.
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Study on Estimating Total Nitrogen Content in Sugar Beet Leaves Under Drip Irrigation Based on Vis-NIR Hyperspectral Data and Chlorophyll ContentThe relationship between leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and hyperspectral remote sensing imagery (HYP) was determined to construct an estimation model of the LNC of drip-irrigated sugar beets, to enable real-time monitoring of sugar beet growth and nitrogen management in arid areas.
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Specific Recognition Technology of Infrared Absorption Spectra Based on Continuous Wavelet DecompositionIR absorption spectroscopy technology can solve the problem of line aliasing in gas detection. Here, continuous wavelet transform was used in time-frequency analysis to improve spectral component identification and quantitative detection of gases.
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Analysis of Serum from Acute Leukemia Patients Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)This study shows that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of serum can provide an experimental basis for diagnosing leukemia in patients.
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Detecting Chicken Freshness Utilizing VNIR, SWIR Spectroscopy, and Data FusionThis study uses hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology, in synergy with machine learning and deep learning algorithms, to innovate a non-destructive method for the assessment of chicken freshness.
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Detection of Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in a Rat Model by Aluminum-Foil-Assisted ATR-FT-IR SpectroscopyA recent study used aluminum foil-assisted ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) in a rat model using plasma samples. The results show how ATR-FT-IR could be used to study more types of clinical samples in the future.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Analysis of Nanomaterials for Use in Nuclear and Material ApplicationsTunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is combined with an extreme learning machine (ELM) model, tailored by genetic algorithm (GA) parameter searching, to produce a more robust analytical method for trace gas analysis of ethylene.
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Flexible Stacked Partial Least Squares for Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Glucose DetectionA new FID-FM fusion model for infrared measurements of glucose in synthetic samples is proposed, comparing prediction performance to full PLS, SMR, XGBoost, CBR, and DSFPLS modeling methods.
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Solution-Based Glow Discharges for Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Come of AgeThe SCGD ambient-atmosphere microplasma has emerged as an alternate excitation source for atomic emission spectroscopy that is able to perform admirably compared to established, conventional approaches—with lower cost.
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Comprehensive Gas Chromatography Coupled to Simultaneous Dual Detection (TOF-MS/FID) as a Confirmatory Method for MOSH and MOAH Determination in FoodFood contamination from mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSHs) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAHs) is problematic and requires a sensitive analytical technique. These contaminants were analyzed using GC×GC with flame ionization detection (FID) and time-of-flight–MS (TOF–MS) parallel dual detection. The method provides enhanced chromatographic separation, along with the full mass spectra information, and overcomes difficult interferences, resulting in reduction of false positives over conventional GC–MS methods.
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The Application of Atomic Spectroscopy Techniques in the Recovery of Critical Raw Materials from Industrial Waste Streams, Part IIThis article explores the current landscape of global critical raw materials (CRM) trends in research and the applications of atomic spectroscopy (AS), including inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and X-ray analytical techniques in their identification of diverse industrial and environmental media.
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Spectroscopic Analysis of the Effects of Alkaline Extractants on Humic Acids Isolated from Herbaceous PeatTo study the effect of various extractants on the structure of peat humic acid, peat humic acid was extracted using NH3·H2O, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and Na2SO3 via alkali-extraction and acid-precipitation methods.
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Synthesis of Differently Sized Gold Nanoparticles for SERS Applications in the Detection of Malachite GreenSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), using gold nanoparticles, is useful for detection of low-levels of many analytes, including the water pollutant malachite green (MG).
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Analyzing the Elemental Composition of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emitted as Air Pollution Using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)This study describes how interference-free, low-level analysis of toxic elements as well as major elements in particulate matter (PM), with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller, can be accomplished. Comparison study examples are given for two locations.
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Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of Six New Hexafluorosilicate Salts Containing Different Amino AcidsVibrational spectra of six new hexafluorosilicate salts containing different amino acids (glycine (Gly), sarcosine (Sar), dimethylglycine (DMG), betaine (Bet), β-alanine (β-Ala) and l-proline (l-Pro)) are typically recorded and discussed on the basis of their structures. The presence of cations, dimeric cations with short hydrogen bonds, and hexafluorosilicate anions is reflected in the spectra.
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Errors and Mistakes to Avoid when Analyzing Raman SpectraSeven common mistakes in the analysis of Raman spectra can lead to overestimating the performance of a model.
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Simultaneous Determination of 50 Elements in Geochemical Samples by Low-Pressure Closed Digestion-ICP-MSThe article describes a method for geochemical sample analysis using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crucibles and ICP-MS, achieving detection limits below 0.2 μg/g and relative standard deviations ranging from 1.1% to 16.4%. The approach minimizes acid usage, prevents dust contamination, accurately determines volatile elements, and is deemed suitable for high-throughput laboratories with numerous samples and diverse elements to be tested.
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Fluorescence Quenching Effects of Fe3+ Ions on Carbon DotsThe “selective fluorescence quenching effects” of Fe3+ ions on carbon dots are examined to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions of metal ions with a variety of fluorescent materials.
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Archaeological, Geochemical, and Remote Sensing Applications in the Search for Pleistocene Landscapes of New EnglandHere, a series of developing methods is presented for locating and analyzing deeply buried late Pleistocene archaeological sites, which includes the initial investigation of the geomorphology of a potential archaeological site with a suite of analytical geochemical techniques.
