Spectra, Lifetime & Quantum Yield of Upconversion Nanoparticles

Photon upconversion converts low-energy photons to higher-energy photons. UCNPs, composed of rare-earth elements, can convert near-infrared light to visible or UV light. They have potential applications in solar energy and biomedicine. Understanding their luminescence properties is crucial for optimization. FS5 Spectrofluorometer was used for comprehensive upconversion characterization.